6.4 Jumla ya Ammonia-Nitrojeni

22 Apr 2021 · Kentucky State University

Nitrojeni inaingia mfumo wa aquaponic kama protini isiyosafishwa katika kulisha samaki. Takriban asilimia 30 ya protini katika chakula cha samaki huhifadhiwa na samaki. Asilimia sabini ni mwilini na kutolewa kama taka imara au excreted kama amonia kupitia gills au kama urea (Timmons na Ebeling 2013). Jumla ya nitrojeni ya amonia (TAN) inajumuisha aina mbili ambazo zipo katika uwiano wa amonia isiyo na ionized (NH~ 3 ~, ambayo ni sumu kwa samaki) hadi amonia ionized (NH~ 4~+ ambayo katika yasiyo ya sumu). Uwepo wa fomu moja juu ya nyingine unategemea pH na joto. Katika pH ya juu (msingi) na joto, kuna sehemu kubwa ya amonia ya sumu. Kwa pH ya chini (tindikali) na joto, amonia hufunga kwa ziada H ^ +^ ions na inakuwa fomu isiyo na sumu, amonia. Kwa ujumla, vipimo vya ubora wa maji vitatoa thamani ya TAN, ambayo inajumuisha NH~ 3 ~ na NH~ 4 ~+. Thamani halisi ya amonia ya sumu inaweza kuamua kwa kuchukua namba inayoingiliana na joto la kumbukumbu na pH (Jedwali 7) na kuzizidisha kwa thamani ya sasa ya TAN (Masser et al. 1999).

Jedwali 7: Sehemu ya jumla ya amonia katika fomu ya sumu (isiyo na ionized) kwa maadili tofauti ya pH na joto.

Joto (^oC)
pH	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24		28	30
7.0	.0013	.0016	.0018	. 0022	.0025	.0029	.0034	.0039	.0046	.0062	.0060	.0069	.0080
7.2	.0021	.0025	.0029	.0034	.0040	.0046	.0054	.0062	.0072	.0083	.0096	.0110	.0126
7.4	.0034	.0040	.0046	.0054	.0063	.0073	.0085	.0098	.0114	.0131	.0150	.0173	.0198
7.6	.0053	.0063	.0073	.0086	.0100	.0116	.0134	.0155	.0179	.0206	.0236	.0271	.0310
7.8	.0084	.0099	.0116	.0135	.0157	.0182	.0211	.0244	.0281	.0322	.0370	.0423	. 0482
8.0	.0133	.0156	.0182	.0212	.0247	.0286	.0330	.0381	.0438	.0502	.0574	.0654	.0743
8.2	.0210	.0245	.0286	.0332	.0385	.0445	.0514	.0590	.0676	.0772	.0880	.0998	.1129
8.4	.0328	.0383	.0445	.0517	.0597	.0688	.0904	.0904	.1031	.1171	.1326	.1495	.1678
8.6	.0510	.0593	.0688	.0795	.09114	.1048	.1197	.1361	.1541		.1737	.2178	.2422
8.8	.0785	.0909	.1048	.1204	.1376	.1566	.1773	.1998	.2241	.2500	.2774	.3062	.3362
9.0	.1190	.1368	.1565	.1782	.2018	.2273	.2546	.2836	.3140	.3456	.3783	.4116	.4453
9.2
.1763	.2008	.2273	.2558	.2861	.3180	.5312	.3855	.4204	.4557	.4909	.5258	.5599
9.4	.2533	.2847	.3180	.3526	.3884	.4249	.4618	.4985	.5348	.5702	.6045	.6373	.6685
9.6	.3496	.3868	.4249	.4633	.5016	.5394	.5762	.6117	.6456	.6777	.7078	.7358	.7617
9.8	.4600	.5000	.5394	.5778	.6147	.6499	.6831	.7140	.7428	.7692		.7933	.8351
10.0	.5745	.6131	.6498	.6844	.7166	.7463	.7735	.7983	.8207	.8408	.8588	.8749	.8892
10.2	.6815	.7152	.7463	.7746	.8003	.8234	.8441	.8625	.8788	.8933	.9060	.9173	.9271

Chanzo: (Masser et al. 1999)

Kupitia mchakato wa nitrification, bakteria hubadilisha ammonia-nitrojeni (NH~3~) kuwa nitriti (NO~2~-) halafu kwa nitrati (NO~3~-). Amonia na nitriti ni mara 100 zaidi ya sumu kwa samaki kuliko nitrati (Somerville et al. 2014). Mimea hasa hutumia nitrojeni kwa umbo la amonia (NH~4~+), NO~3~- na asidi amino kama vile L-glycine (Rentsch et al. 2007, Sanchez na Doerge 1999). Katika mfumo kamili wa aquaponic, maadili ya amonia na nitriti yanapaswa kuwa karibu na sifuri na nitrati yanapaswa kuwa chini ya 150mg/L Wakati samaki wanaweza kuvumilia viwango vya juu sana, zaidi hadi 400 mg/L (Timmons na Ebeling 2013), maadili yanayozidi 250 mg/L yanaweza kuwa na athari hasi juu ya mimea (Rackocy et al. 2006). Kutokana na mtazamo wa usimamizi, ni muhimu kujua uvumilivu mbalimbali ya aina ya samaki na mimea ili kuongeza hali ya ukuaji. Katika viwango vingi, misombo hii ya sumu inaweza kuharibu gills ya samaki na kuhatarisha ukuaji wao.

*chanzo: Janelle Hager, Leigh Ann Bright, Josh Dusci, James Tidwell. Kentucky State University Aquaponics Production Mwongozo: Vitendo Handbook kwa Wakulima. *

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