8.7 Environmental Impact

Based on Example 8.2, there is evidence that treating sludge in digesters can have a beneficial impact on nutrient reutilization, especially phosphorus. Bioreactor systems, such as a sequential two-stage UASB reactor system, can increase the phosphorus recycling efficiency up to 300% (Chap. 10). Previously, in Chap. 2, we discussed the phosphorus paradox in relation to both phosphate scarcity and problems with eutrophication. Bioreactors have significant advantages for increased nutrient recovery from sludge, thus helping to close the nutrient cycling loop within aquaponics systems. However, further research is needed to refine such systems to optimize the bioavailability of specific nutrients. Figures 8.11, 8.12, and 8.13 show the input, output, and waste streams of stand-alone aquaculture and hydroponics systems compared with a decoupled aquaponics system. It can be seen that the decoupled approach constitutes a promising agricultural concept for a waste reduction and recycling system.

Fig. 8.11 Input, output, and loss streams in a stand-alone hydroponic system

Fig. 8.12 Input, output, and loss streams in a stand-alone aquaculture system

Fig. 8.13 Input, output, and loss streams in a decoupled multi-loop aquaponics system comprising an anaerobic reactor system